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Winecoff Hotel fire
The Winecoff Hotel fire of December 7, 1946 was the deadliest hotel fire in United States history, killing 119 hotel occupants, including the hotel's owners. Located at 176 Peachtree Street in downtown Atlanta, Georgia, USA, the Winecoff Hotel was advertised as "absolutely fireproof." While the hotel's steel structure was indeed protected against the effects of fire, the hotel's interior finishes were combustible, and the building's exit arrangements consisted of a single stairway serving all fifteen floors. All of the hotel's occupants above the fire's origin on the third floor were trapped, and the fire's survivors either were rescued from upper-story windows or jumped into nets held by firemen. The fire was notable for the number of victims who jumped to their deaths. A photograph of one survivor's fall won the 1947 Pulitzer Prize for Photography. The fire, which followed the June 5, 1946 La Salle Hotel fire in Chicago with 61 fatalities, and the June 19, 1946 Canfield Hotel fire in Dubuque, Iowa with 19 fatalities, spurred significant changes in North American building codes, most significantly requiring multiple protected means of egress and self-closing fire-resistive doors for guest rooms in hotels.
==Winecoff Hotel==
The Winecoff Hotel (now the Ellis Hotel) opened in 1913 as one of the tallest buildings in Atlanta. The steel-framed structure was built on a small lot measuring by , bounded by Peachtree Street, Ellis Street and an alley, with per floor. Guest rooms extended from the third to the fifteenth floors, with fifteen rooms on a typical floor. Corridors on guest floors were arranged in an H-shape, with two elevators and the upward flights of stairs opening into the cross halls, and opposing downward runs of stairs converging on a single landing from the legs of the H. The single stairway, of non-combustible construction, was not enclosed with fire-resistant doors. While multiple stairways were becoming common practice in tall buildings, the Atlanta Building Code of 1911 permitted buildings on lots of less than to have a single stairway. The steel structure was protected by structural clay tile and concrete fireproofing. The hotel was advertised in advertisements and on its stationery as "absolutely fireproof."
Interior partitions, including the walls between corridors and guest rooms were hollow clay tile covered with plaster. Room doors were wood, with movable transom panels above each door for ventilation between the rooms and the corridors, closed by a wood panel of less than in thickness. The corridor walls were finished with painted burlap fabric extending up to wainscot height. Guest rooms were finished with as many as seven layers of wallpaper.〔McElroy, pp. 144-145〕 The hotel had a central fire alarm system, manually operated from the front desk, and a standpipe with hose racks at each floor. There was no automatic sprinkler system.〔McElroy, pp. 145-146〕
The Winecoff was within two blocks of two engine and two ladder companies, one of which was within thirty seconds of the hotel.〔McElroy, p. 146〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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